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OPTICAL
ILLUSION and FOCUSES, 3D-PICTURES - Isn’t it interesting? |
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Optical
illusions by Akiyoshi Kitaoka |
3D-pictures |
Illusions
in the Encyclopedias & Dictionaries |
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| CLASSIC
OPTICAL ILLUSIONS and VISUAL PHENOMENA |
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Fraser
spiral optical illusion
The
illusion is also known as the false spiral, or by its original
name, the twisted cord illusion. The overlapping black arc segments
appear to form a spiral; however, the arcs are a series of concentric
circles. The visual distortion is produced by combining a regular
line pattern (the circles) with misaligned parts (the differently
colored strands)... |
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Ponzo
optical illusion
The
effect of the Ponzo illusion is often attributed to linear perspective.
The upper line looks longer because we interpret the converging
sides as parallel lines receding into the distance. In this
context, we interpret the upper line as though it were farther
away, so we see it as longer. In the three dimensional world,
an object located farther away would have to be larger than
a nearby object for both to produce retinal images of the same
size. This explanation is often referred to as the perspective
hypothesis... |
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Cafe
Wall optical illusion
This
illusion is created when offset rows of alternating dark and
light tiles are surrounded by a visible line of mortar. Ideally,
the mortar is a shade somewhere between the two tile colors.
When the tiles are offset by half a tile width, the horizontal
lines appear to slant diagonally, creating the appearance of
wedges. The illusionary effect is affected by both the position
of the tiles as well as the thickness and color of the grout
in between them. If grout lines are removed, there is no longer
any illusion of diagonal lines... |
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Ebbinghaus-Titchener
optical illusion
The
Ebbinghaus illusion (sometimes called the "Titchener illusion")
is an optical illusion of relative size perception. In the best-known
version of the illusion, two circles of identical size are placed
near to each other and one is surrounded by large circles while
the other is surrounded by small circles; the first central
circle then appears smaller than the second central circle... |
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Poggendorff
optical illusion
In
the figure the diagonal line segments do not appear to be segments
of a discontinuous straight line (collinear) when in fact they
are. This illusion is known as the Poggendorff illusion. Several
factors affect the degree of misperception experienced in this
illusion. One such variable is the separation of the verticals:
The greater the separation, the greater the illusion. In this
experiment, separation of the verticals and the length of the
diagonal segments are both manipulated... |
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Rubber
pencil optical illusion
Take
a pencil in his hand (you can take and a pen) and shake them
as fast as possible, as shown in the figure.
It creates the illusion that a pencil is bent, as if it were
made of rubber ... |
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Wundt-Fick
optical illusion
The
illusion (inverted T), which is called the Wundt-Fick illusion
at least in Japan, originates from A. Fick only, a physiologist
who described it in his doctoral thesis in 1851- this is the
first geometric-optical illusion.
It was documented even before Oppel, in 1854 coined the
term "geometrisch-optische Tauschung" and contributed
several more patterns. Although he became a famous ophthalmologist,
his son may be an even more famous ophthalmologist, as he invented
the first contact lenses... |
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Zollner
optical illusion
The
Zollner figure is composed of a series of parallel, diagonal
lines intersected by a number of short horizontal and vertical
bars. The parallel lines appear not to be parallel at all; rather,
they appear to converge and diverge from each other... |
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Jastrow
optical illusion
The
Jastrow illusion is a size illusion where two curved shapes
of identical measurements are placed next to each other. When
viewing the two shapes, one looks significantly larger than
the other. When the positions of the two shapes are reversed,
the impression of which is the larger is also reversed... |
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Muller-Lyer
optical illusion
The
Muller-Lyer illusion is an optical illusion consisting of a
set of lines that end in arrowheads.
The orientation of the arrowheads affects one's ability to accurately
perceive the length of the lines.
Like most visual and perceptual illusions, the Muller-Lyer illusion
helps neuroscientists study the way the brain and visual system
perceive and interpret images. Artists have also utilized the
illusion to great effect in their works... |
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Illusions
of the impossible figures. How many bars do you see?
f
you count the number of bars using the squares at the front,
you'll find that there are eight total. But is it really that
simple? Count the bars again, but this time use the end of the
bars farthest away from you. How is that possible? According
to the puzzle's creators, there are actually only six complete
bars. You have to look very closely to see it... |
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Illusions
of the impossible figures - 2
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Hering
optical illusion. Parallel Lines visual illusion.
The
Hering illusion is an optical illusion discovered by the German
physiologist Ewald Hering in 1861. The two horizontal lines
are both straight, but they look as if they were bowed outwards.
The distortion is produced by the lined pattern on the background
that simulates a perspective design, and creates a false impression
of depth. Note that the thinner line appears more bowed than
the thicker line... |
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Grid
optical illusion. Hermann grid illusions. Scintillating grid
illusions.
A
grid illusion is any kind of grid that deceives a person's vision.
The two most common types of grid illusions are Hermann grid
illusions and Scintillating grid illusions. Illusions such as
these, and others, provide a window onto the way the eyes and
the brain work together in creating perception. Scientists attempt
to peer through this window when they propose hypotheses about
how perception is accomplished. Illusions can also help us realize
that our own perceptions may be limited or different from those
of another person viewing the same thing... |
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Kanizsa
Triangle optical Illusion
When
searching at the Kanizsa triangle, certain sees the structure
concerning a white, equilateral triangle of the core to that
amount appears according to occlude the shapes round it. The
nonexistent gray triangle additionally appears according to
keep brighter than the inclosure area, but into reality that
has the same brightness so the background... |
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Dynamic
Luminance-Gradient Effect by Alan Stubbs
For
the primary effect, one should sit at a comfortable distance
and then move forward toward the center of the figure. An interesting
change in apparent brightness and to some degree form will result—what
may be called a “here comes the sun” effect. By
moving back and forth, this apparent change will repeat... |
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Pinna-Brelstaff
optical illusion
The
inner and outer rings of the concentric circles in picture appear
to rotate against each other as the eye is moved continuously
closer to the paper (looming) while the gaze is kept fixed on
the central spot. Moving out again reverses the direction of
the illusory rotation. Focus your eyes on the center of the
picture. Draw close to the screen, then back again - the circle
will rotate in opposite directions... |
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Pinna-Brelstaff-Spillmann
optical illusion
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Enigma
- Leviant optical illusion
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| Optical
illusions and delights from Akiyoshi KITAOKA |
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VOLUMETRIC
IMAGES
3D-PICTURES by Julian Beever - On the sidewalk
with chalk
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| Do
not believe your eyes |
| OPTICAL
FOCUSES and MYSTERIES - Amazing things around us |
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| MYSTERIOUS
VISION - Physiological visual illusions - mystery-play
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***
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Did you know?
Illusions are distortions of sensory perception, "mocking" the
senses so that most people are deceived |
Optical
illusions in the Dictionaries and Encyclopedias
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An
optical illusion (also called a visual illusion) is an illusion
caused by the visual system and characterized by visually perceived
images that differ from objective reality. The information gathered
by the eye is processed in the brain to give a percept that
does not tally with a physical measurement of the stimulus source.
There are three main types: literal optical illusions that create
images that are different from the objects that make them, physiological
illusions that are the effects of excessive stimulation of a
specific type (brightness, colour, size, position, tilt, movement),
and cognitive illusions, the result of unconscious inferences.
Pathological visual illusions arise from a pathological exaggeration
in physiological visual perception mechanisms causing the aforementioned
types of illusions.
Optical illusions are often classified into categories including
the physical and the cognitive or perceptual, and contrasted
with optical hallucinations.
From
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
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What
is an Optical Illusion? Optical Illusions can use color,
light and patterns to create images that can be deceptive or
misleading to our brains. The information gathered by the eye
is processed by the brain, creating a perception that in reality,
does not match the true image. Perception refers to the interpretation
of what we take in through our eyes. Optical illusions occur
because our brain is trying to interpret what we see and make
sense of the world around us. Optical illusions simply trick
our brains into seeing things which may or may not be real.
Try out some of these illusions and discover just how tricky
it can be for your brain to accurately interpret the images
from your eyes.
Optics4kids |
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Definition
of OPTICAL ILLUSION
Something that looks different from what it is : something that
you seem to see but that is not really there.
The closer building looks larger than the farther one, but it's
just an optical illusion. The two buildings are actually the
same size.
Learner's
Dictionary |
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Definition
of optical illusion in English:: optical illusion
Something that deceives the eye by appearing to be
other than it is. An experience of seeming to see something
which does not exist or is other than it appears.
OxfordDictionaries |
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Illusions
are distortions of a sensory perception, revealing how the
brain normally organizes and interprets sensory stimulation.
Illusions can occur with each of the human senses, but visual
illusions are the most well known and understood. The emphasis
on visual illusions occurs because vision often dominates
the other senses. Some illusions occur because of biological
sensory structures within the human body or conditions outside
of the body within one’s physical environment. Other
illusions are based on general assumptions the brain makes
during perception. These assumptions are made using organizational
principles, such as an individual's depth perception and motion
perception, and perceptual constancy that are part of our
psychological ability.
Most illusions occur in people of all cultures and environmental
experiences, indicating that they reflect universals in human
perception. Research in illusions therefore seeks to understand
how human beings perceive the environment through specific
rules of perceptual construction.
llusions are also a source of fascination, commonly used by
artists. In many cases two-dimensional art gains the appearance
of the third dimension through the use of techniques based
on principles revealed in illusions. One of the most notable
uses of such principles is found in the trompe d'oeil technique.
Other artists deliberately use illusion to entertain the observer
by creating impossible figures. The continued development
of such techniques, and the fascination they have for the
viewer, reflect both the endless creativity and the appreciation
for creativity that are to be found in human nature.
Understanding
visual illusions
The study of illusions has focused on the visual system due
to the prevalence and diversity of optical illusions. Our
visual system faces a challenging task, attempting to correctly
represent reality while calculating and perceiving various
factors, such as light, color, texture, and size in a three-dimensional
environment. Visual perception is created by our brain's interpretation
of visual information and sometimes it results in fascinating
visual illusions. Our mind gets "actively" involved
in interpreting the perceptual input rather than passively
recording the input, though it does not always accurately
represent that input.
New
World Encyclopedia |
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Glossary |
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Illusion
- 1. A mistaken perception of reality. 2.Being deceived by a
false perception or belief.
Optical illusion - 1. Of or relating to sight.
2.Relating to or using visible light
Environment - One’s physical surroundings.
Distortion - 1. A twists of fact or a misrepresentation.
2. A change in the shape of an image resulting from mistakes
by our eye.
Psychologist - A person trained and educated
to perform psychological research, like how the mind works and
why people do the things they do.
Cornea - The transparent, convex, part of the
eyeball that covers the iris and the pupil.
Transparent - Easily seen through; sheer.
Lens - A transparent, part of the eye that
focuses light rays entering through the pupil to form an image
on the retina.
Retina - The delicate light-sensitive part
of the inner eyeball, connected to the optic nerve to the brain.
Iris - The color, round, colored part of the
eye. It regulates the amount of light entering the eye.
Pupil - The black round opening in the center
of the iris, through which light passes to the retina.
Optic Nerve - The nerve that goes from the
retina, ling carry visual information to the brain.
Blind Spot - The small, round , region in the
retina where of the optic nerve meets the eyeball. It has no
rods or cones.
Traits - A important part, of a person's character.
Culture - The behavior, arts, beliefs, institutions,
of a group of people
Afterimage - A visual image that stays even
after the visual stimulus causing it is gone.
Background - The ground or scenery located
behind something. 2. The part of a picture that appears as if
it were in the distance.
Intersections - 1. A place where things intersect,
especially a place where two or more roads cross. 3. Mathematics.
The point where one line, surface, or solid crosses another.
Receptors - A special group of nerve endings
that responds to sensory stimuli such as light.
Contrast - Two different objects. Red berries
standing in contrast against the snow. 2. One thing that is
different from to another. 3. The use of opposing colors, objects,
or lines, next to each other to produce an strong effect in
a work of art.
Camouflage - The blending in of one thing into
its environment or natural surrounding. Disguise or protective
coloring.
Altered - To change or make different
Superimposition - When two film clips are shown
at the same time
Mirage - An optical effect that is sometimes
seen at sea, in the desert, or over a hot pavement, that may
have the appearance of a pool of water or a mirror in which
distant objects are seen inverted. That is caused by the bending
or reflection of rays of light by a layer of heated air of varying
density.
Perspective - The representation of three-dimensional
objects and depth relationships on a two-dimensional surface.
3. The appearance of objects in depth as see by normal vision. |
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